Thursday, March 27, 2014

Morning Thanks--Ray Carver


He came along in my life when I needed him, even though I didn't know I did. I wanted to write, but I knew little about it really. Some of my new friends, other grad students, told me that Ray Carver was coming to teach. They could barely contain themselves. "You don't know his work?" they said, as if I was born in a barn.

I hightailed it to the bookstore and bought a couple of volumes of his short stories. He never wrote a novel.

On first reading, I didn't know what to make of him, truth be told. His stories had this Bowie-knife sharpness that made me cringe, almost in fear, as if life could be cut us up into bloody pieces that never really went away. Reading a bunch of them together was like coming on a barrel of glass shards, full of unforgettable, yet alarming beauty. They were like nothing else I'd ever read.

That was 1980. Ray Carver was dry at the time, not the dead-and-gone drunk he was for so terribly long in his life. He was working on what most consider today his strongest stories, Cathedral, a collection that included the story "Cathedral," the story, he says somewhere, that changed his life, a story of hope that's in just about every anthology undergrads can buy these days.

He never attempted it, but he climbed Parnassus in the literary world, became a cult figure. Soon, there were thousands of Carvers doing what he did, or trying, writing something people began to call "dirty realism." Me too. Count me among the disciples. I could show you lean and mean stories I wrote back then, Hong Kong ripoffs. Ray Carver taught a generation of fiction writers how to be newly-minted Hemingways, sparse and tight and frightfully close to the bone.  

He liked me. And, if you're wondering, yes, there's some considerable idolatry in beneath that statement. Consider it a confession: Raymond Carver liked me, liked my writing. The only way I can explain how much that meant to me back then is to say that it means as much to me today as it did 35 years ago.

This morning's Writer's Almanac features a Carver poem from a moment in his life that every Carver-ite recognizes, the moment Ray Carver found out he was going to die from the cancer that wasn't going away.  Here's the poem.
What the Doctor Said
He said it doesn't look good
he said it looks bad in fact real bad
he said I counted thirty-two of them on one lung before
I quit counting them 
I said I'm glad I wouldn't want to know 
about any more being there than that
Don't ask me what a poem is--I don't know. To me, this feels more like prose than poetry, but frankly I don't care because it communicates with a place in my soul few things do. There's more.
he said are you a religious man do you kneel down
in forest groves and let yourself ask for help
when you come to a waterfall
mist blowing against your face and arms
do you stop and ask for understanding at those moments
To say Raymond Carver wasn't a religious man would be sinfully judgmental.  If "by your fruits you shall know them" is a rule of biblical thumb beyond nuance, some might say he wasn't. He left a trail of brutal ugliness, after all. But most of us are religious, in one way or another; some are just better at it than others. It's worth remembering this scripture too: not all who cry, "Lord, Lord. . ." are.

"Are you a religious man?" the doctor says. Carver replies with characteristic honesty.
I said not yet but I intend to start today
The doctor is a kind man. Listen to him, to what he tells a dying man.
he said I'm real sorry he said 
I wish I had some other kind of news to give you
I said Amen and he said something else
I didn't catch and not knowing what else to do
and not wanting him to have to repeat it
and me to have to fully digest it
I just looked at him
for a minute and he looked back
Ray Carver was not a big talker.  Trust me, he was not a stirring lecturer or a classroom stand-up comic. His ways were halting and sometimes even muffled. It was easy to miss some remarks. I never saw him drunk--who knows what he might have become?  And, of course, this silent moment in the doctor's office holds the recognition of eternity.

He knows it. Listen.
it was then
I jumped up and shook hands with this man who'd just given me
Something no one else on earth had ever given me
I may have even thanked him habit being so strong
The book that best documents what happened in Ray Carver's soul after this moment is a book of poems he titled A New Path to the Waterfall. 

There's just too much in that title and this morning's poem for me not to take heart. No one I know is God although some presume themselves approximates. I don't know the state of Ray Carver's soul. I have no idea of what may have happened on his death bed.

But to me, at least, this morning's poem is a blessed offering I'm greatly thankful to have opened. It's gorgeously arrayed with hope.

And hope, in this world, is something I need. 

I'm probably not alone.

Wednesday, March 26, 2014

Book Review--The Conquest: The Story of a Negro Pioneer

The story goes that James Fennimore Cooper, a gentleman born with considerably more than a silver spoon, got into a tiff with his wife when the two of them wagered that he could--or couldn't--write a better novel than the one Mrs. Cooper was reading. He said he could; she said he couldn't.

Writing novels was not a calling for Cooper, but then he was so wealthy he didn't need a vocation. Still, James Fennimore Cooper is oft considered America's first real novelist. His oeuvre is almost as long as it is classic, even though Mark Twain debunked him so horribly it's a wonder his work survives: 
A work of art? It has no invention; it has no order, system, sequence, or result; it has no lifelikeness, no thrill, no stir, no seeming of reality; its characters are confusedly drawn, and by their acts and words they prove that they are not the sort of people the author claims that they are; its humor is pathetic; its pathos is funny; its conversations are -- oh! indescribable; its love-scenes odious; its English a crime against the language.Now that's an unsettling review. 
Don't know if novel-writing suffers when would-be writers take it on because they're sure they can do better, but Oscar Micheaux is another who did. Micheaux, the son of a slave, was born in a Mississippi River town named Metropolis, a town just as much Kentucky as Illinois. When he was 17 he picked up and moved to Chicago, where, for the most part, his first novel The Conquest: the Story of  Negro Pioneer, is set. 



A whole section of the novel is set in South Dakota actually, where Micheaux himself homesteaded.  You read that line right. I was as shocked as you are. Oscar Micheaux, a black man, settled and homesteaded South Dakota land just outside of Gregory, South Dakota. In fact, this land, right here up the road.



It's almost impossible to imagine African-American homesteaders. They're supposed to be Dutch or German or Bohemian, Norwegian or Swede.  But Black?  Thousands of African-Americans tried their luck at "proving up" Great Plains homesteads. Most failed, just like most white families did, my own among 'em.  It takes a some wherewithal to weather the seasonal blows of Great Plains misfortunes.  

Conquest feels autobiographical, because it is. Oscar Devereaux Micheaux's hero is Oscar Devereaux--that didn't take much of a twist. Both Oscars homesteaded. Both Oscars wrote novels as a way of trying to make some quick cash. Both Oscars failed at first marriages. I'm sure the list goes on.

The novel wouldn't be remembered at all if it weren't for Micheaux himself, as well as the oddity of a black man breaking Great Plains ground just west of the Missouri, a black man surrounded by white ethnics and displaced Yankees all trying their hand at making a life on what seemed to be free land (no one asked the Lakota).  

It's not a great novel, but it's endlessly interesting because what it offers is a look at late-19th century African-American life. Most of the novel centers on Black life and culture, which offered its own set of issues, even of bigotry and racism. The cursed villain of the tale is a snake-oil preacher-man, lionized by his meek congregation, not to mention his sociopath daughter.  Conquest often feels like a melodrama.

Sometimes novels tell us who we are even if they don't try. Micheaux wrote The Conquest to make some bucks--Devereaux, the novel's protagonist, certainly does anyway. But a century later the novel's great strength is that it offers a glimpse of another time and place, a panorama not readily available elsewhere. When Fred Manfred's Green Earth came out, not all of Siouxland was proud. However, if you want to know anything about Dutch Calvinist life in northwest Iowa between the world wars, there's almost nothing else to read. 

Besides, Micheaux himself is a wonder, an African-American homesteader, a son of slaves on the open prairie, a South Dakota novelist, a Hollywood film-maker.  I'm sorry. It's still amazing.

He was, for certain, an innovator. When a Hollywood director wanted to make the novel into a movie, Micheaux agreed, then pulled out when the director didn't want him to have a say in the way the story was told. In a snit, Micheaux started his own film company in Sioux City--that's right, in Sioux City, Iowa.  

It didn't take long, however, and he'd gone off Hollywood himself and was writing, directing, and producing movies that still called "race films" because they were intended to play to a segregated movie audience, to the African-Americans who could get in to only those theaters open to African-Americans. Without a doubt, he was more successful at movie-making than he was at novel writing. 

The bookends of the novel (spoiler alert!) is Devereaux's love of a white woman, his determination not to pursue his relationship with her (for reasons of race), and, eventually his return to her, the love of his life, when she discovers something important about her own familial lineage (go ahead, guess).  

Nobody will ever lug The Conquest: The Story of a Negro Homesteader along to the beach. Only scholars and other folks interested in out-the-way museums and rusting highway markers will likely read it. 

But I liked Conquest, and I liked visiting the ground the man worked, too. I liked thinking about him out there in frontier Gregory, South Dakota, about him starting a film company in Sioux City, Iowa, about his star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

Oscar Micheaux was the son of slaves. He didn't have Cooper's great wealth or position. He came from nothing at all, wrote novels, made movies for his people. 

The Conquest is not a good novel, but it's great, great story.  



Sermon and symbol


To me, that morning he seemed more adamant than he normally is, more given to narrow his eyes and speak with his hands. He's not pushy. He's given to smiles more than scowls. There's normally no grimacing in his pulpit demeanor. He's endearingly off-the-cuff about things.  He'll stop the liturgy of worship service if he thinks of something funny or simply decides he should say what he's come up with behind the pulpit. He's a great guy and a fine pastor. We like him a great deal.

But he seemed a few shades more "the preacher" that Sunday morning, more "thus-saith-the-Lord." The subject was the Bible itself, the Word, the Holy Scripture. He was for it, of course, and adamant about our need to study it, to know it, to gather in and live out of its eternal wisdom. No hellfire and brimstone--he didn't warn us of turbulence in days to come if we didn't study it hard and take it to heart. He was just more adamant about things than he usually is. He wasn't being cute and nice or sweet about the Word--he was serious. It was our calling to know the Bible.

What he pointed out needs to be said. The Gallup people made it very clear when they researched Bible knowledge in the U.S. of A., not long ago: "Americans revere the Bible--but, by and large, they don't read it," their study said. "And because they don't read it, they have become a nation of biblical illiterates."

He might have said that but he didn't. He could have.

Now hold on to your chair. Less than half of all American believers can name all four gospels, while more than half can name only four (or even fewer) of the Ten Commandments. Seriously. I'm not making this up.

Most Americans (82%, in fact) believe that one of Poor Richard's sacred aphorisms,"God helps those who help themselves," is found somewhere in the book of Proverbs, not in Ben Franklin. Surveys also discovered that lots of folks think Joan of Arc was Noah's wife, and half of all high school seniors believe that Sodom and Gomorrah were a married couple.

But our pastor that Sunday wasn't talking about accumulating Bible knowledge. What wrinkled his forehead was his deep desire to make sure we knew how crucial it is to our lives to know the Holy Scriptures' eternal truths. He was less concerned with whether or not we could list Israel's sad line of kings than that we understand why God really didn't much care for the idea of human kingship from the get-go.

He was preaching an old saw, of course, the genre of sermon that couldn't really go south--like fighting sin and loving Jesus and being kind to your neighbor. You can't go wrong when you tell people they need to know and live the Word; we know; sometimes we just don't do.

It may well have been a class in the works of John Milton of Paradise Lost fame--I don't remember exactly. I was in my first semester of graduate school, I think, doing some secondary reading on the Reformation. My mind leaks info like an old inner tube. I swear I read it back then somewhere but don't have a clue where. I wish I could stick in a footnote here, but I can't. You'll have to take my word.

Somewhere in England, a Protestant government created a law to force every church in the kingdom to turn the pulpit copy of the Holy Bible around, the big one, the grand one, do a full-180 up in front of the congregation so that its face was radically open to the people and not just the priest. 

I would guess that all over the country those huge pulpit Bibles were swung around and opened, not so the congregation's most pious congregants could stroll up front and read mid-worship, but because of what that Bible's open face said--so plainly and fully--in the center of worship. The Bible belongs to the people.

It just so happens that the preacher holding forth on the efficacy of the Word that morning was doing so while standing right behind a huge open Bible blessedly opened to us, to the people, 500 years later. So amazing.

There's so much story in that huge open Bible, so much truth without really turning a page.

Right there in front of all of us was the sermon, open to any of us. Right there, without saying a thing. There it was as it is every Sunday morning, wide open.

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Tuesday, March 25, 2014

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